Сансевиерия (Sansevieria) или по-простому называется «щучий хвост» благодаря жестким кожистым листьям довольно популярное комнатное растение из-за несложного ухода, выживает даже при грубом нарушении правил ухода за комнатными растениями и имеет оригинальный декоративный вид.
В комнатных условиях выращивают несколько видов сансевиерии:
Сансевиерия трехполосная (S. trifasciata) образует плотный куст из прямостоящих, как шпаги, листьев с пестрым узорчатым рисунком на листьях. У сорта S. trifasciata laurenti листья отличаются яркой желтой окантовкой и могут достигать метра в высоту. Кашпо с зарослями узорчатых высоких прямостоящих листьев располагают обычно на полу или на не высокой подставке, может послужить украшением вашего интерьера.
Вид сансевиерии Хани (S. hahnii) образует невысокую до 20 см розетку из кожистых узорчатых листьев. Выращивают этот вид растения в основном на подоконниках или высоких подставках.
Уход и размножение
Сансевиерия относится к суккулентным, поэтому при уходе за ней не нужно тратить время на опрыскивание и частый полив. Она отлично растет как на солнечном месте, так и в тени, хорошо себя чувствует при сухом воздухе, переносит сквозняки, ее лучше поливать редко, после высыхания земли в горшке и не требует частой пересадки.
Летом подкармливайте сансевиерию не чаще одного раза в месяц комплексным минеральным удобрением для комнатных растений или удобрением для кактусов. Пересадку делайте весной раз в два – три года. По мере вырастания растения из горшка подбирайте другой — больший по диаметру, но не по высоте. При выращивание сансевиерии с высокими прямостоящими листьями старайтесь выбрать устойчивый тяжелый горшок, так как под тяжестью своих листьев он может перевернуться.
Сансевиерия не требовательна к почве, для улучшения дренажа добавьте в подготовленную землю немного песка.
Сансевиерия хорошо размножается листовыми черенками или делением куста при пересадке. Если вы при пересадке, поделив растение, не успели рассадить деленки в горшки, то они могут расти месяцами в банке с водой. При размножении листовыми черенками, лист разрежьте на части по 10 см, немного подсушите и посадите в землю, заглубив на половину. Через некоторое время черенки укоренятся и пойдут в рост.
Сансевиерия редко поражается болезнями и вредителями. Чаще всего происходит загнивание корневой системы при излишнем поливе, при этом листья становятся мягкими, желтеют и отмирают. Сансевиерию в виде розетки нельзя поливать на растение, при попадании воды внутрь растение может загнить. Для хорошего самочувствия растения зимой, следите, чтобы температура в помещении не опускалась ниже 12 0С тепла.
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