Что такое севооборот?

538
1881

Что такое севооборот?
Что такое севооборот? Это научно обоснованное чередование культур по месту и годам. При его введении площадь разбивают на приблизительно равные участки и высевают культуры в определенной последовательности. Обычное количество участков — от четырех до десяти. Дачникам и огородникам привычнее думать, что применять севооборот должны только ученые агрономы и что бывает он нужен только на больших полях.

Ничего подобного, он везде нужен — и на больших полях, и на шести сотках, потому что обеспечивает восстановление и повышение плодородия почвы. В маленьком хозяйстве севооборот даже еще нужнее, чем в крупном. Каждый огородник хотел бы получить побольше овощей со своего участка, причем экологически чистых, то есть выращенных без применения минеральных удобрений и пестицидов, а этого можно достичь только благодаря севообороту.

Сколько лет можно выращивать одну и ту же культуру на одном месте? Это зависит прежде всего от ее чувствительности к собственным корневым выделениям. Есть растения, которые выделяют токсические вещества — колины, угнетающие рост растений того же вида. Очень к ним чувствительны свекла и шпинат. Меньше страдают растения из семейства тыквенных, а также капуста, редис, петрушка, горох, морковь. Хорошо переносят собственные корневые выделения кукуруза, бобы, лук-порей. Все это имеет отношение к почвоутомлению и чередованию культур, особенно в тех случаях, когда продукты разложения растительных осадков вызывают самоотравление. Такое, между прочим, часто случается в садах.

Абсолютное большинство плодовых деревьев является самоотравителями. По этой причине молодой сад не рекомендуется выращивать на месте старого. Не стоит также сажать молодые деревья между старыми. Накопление колинов — только одна причина почвоутомления. Есть и другая, тоже очень важная. Как правило, овощи из одного семейства имеют одинаковый набор вредителей и болезней. В почве могут накапливаться возбудители бактериальных и грибных болезней. Капустные, морковные, луковые мухи особенно сильно распространяются там, где отсутствует чередование культур. Так что знайте: на место, где в прошлом году росла капуста, не следует сажать редьку и репу, а при появлении килы (это болезнь) капусту нельзя там выращивать целых шесть лет.

Овощи одного семейства очень близки по требованиям к питанию. Если их высаживать раз за разом на одном месте, это приведет к одностороннему истощению почвы. Овощи группы «плод» отличаются повышенной потребностью в фосфоре, группы «лист» — в азоте, группы «корень» — в калии. А бобовые сами по себе являются улучшателями почвы. Это фасоль, горох, соя, бобы, клевер, люцерна, эспарцет. У них на корнях есть клубеньковые бактерии, которые поглощают азот из воздуха и обогащают им почву.

Многолетние бобовые имеют сильно развитую корневую систему, благодаря чему добывают из глубоких слоев калий, фосфор и кальций и «подают» эти элементы наверх, где находятся корни овощных растений. А еще они умеют улучшать структуру почвы. Как составить схему севооборота практически? Для начала надо поделить площадь на четыре части. На один вносят полную дозу компоста или навоза (25-30 кг на сотку) и высаживают требовательные к азоту культуры из группы «лист». Это все виды капусты и салата, мангольд (листовая свекла), сельдерей листовой, лук-порей, шпинат.

После них в почве останется меньше азота, но достаточно фосфора и калия. На следующий год тут будут расти требовательные к фосфору овощи из группы «плод» — томаты, перец, баклажаны, огурцы, кабачки, тыква, зерновые. Доза компоста или навоза для них уменьшается вполовину. На третий год помещают корнеплоды, которым нужен калий. К ним относятся картофель, лук репчатый, чеснок, морковь, сельдерей корневой, петрушка корневая, редис, редька, дайкон, свекла. На четвертый год участок займут бобовые, которые обогатят почву азотом.

Таким образом, устанавливается четырехгодичный цикл, благоприятный для большинства культур. Но ведь еще у нас растет земляника, которая сидит на одном месте три-четыре года. В этом случае севооборот включает в себя пять участков. Землянику потом лучше всего перенести на тот участок, который был занят корнеплодами, а после нее сажают овощи группы «лист». Конечно, при внедрении севооборота возникает немало сложностей, но надо учиться как-то их преодолевать. К примеру, к группе «плод» относятся томаты, а следом придется выращивать корнеплоды, в том числе и картофель.

Они относятся к одному семейству — пасленовых и, следовательно, имеют общие болезни. Значит, надо смотреть, чтобы картофель не рос на том самом месте, где годом раньше зрели помидоры. Пусть уж он идет по огурцам, кабачкам и тыкве. Еще более трудная проблема: как уложиться в масштабы этих участков? Картофелем обычно бывает занята большая площадь. Пожалуй, меньше места требуется для всех остальных культур, вместе взятых.

Многие не согласятся выращивать «второй хлеб» в одинаковом количестве с капустой. Поэтому и идет часто у нас картофель как монокультура, то есть растет из года в год на одном и том же месте. В результате он сразу же поражается вирусами, бактериями и грибами, которые его поджидают в почве. Все они картофель любят, не только мы одни. И служат одной из причин того, что наш картофель так быстро вырождается, посадочный материал часто требует замены.

Любой самый распрекрасный сорт быстро сдаст все свои позиции, если попадет в почву, зараженную вредителями и болезнями. Где выход? Спасти положение могут промежуточные культуры-сидераты. Выкопали картофель — тут же посейте на этом месте какое-либо зеленое удобрение. Тут выбор не ограничен — какие семена проще достать, те и сейте. Устроить чередование культур вполне возможно — было бы желание. Важно помнить, как много пользы может дать севооборот.

Источник: supersadovod.ru

538 КОММЕНТАРИИ

  1. What i don’t realize is if truth be told how you’re no longer really much more well-appreciated than you might be now. You’re very intelligent. You already know therefore considerably relating to this topic, produced me personally believe it from a lot of numerous angles. Its like women and men don’t seem to be involved until it?¦s one thing to accomplish with Woman gaga! Your individual stuffs great. All the time deal with it up!

  2. Hello! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be book-marking and checking back frequently!

  3. Somebody necessarily help to make significantly posts I might state. That is the very first time I frequented your website page and thus far? I surprised with the research you made to create this actual put up extraordinary. Magnificent process!

  4. Oh my goodness! an amazing article dude. Thanks Nonetheless I am experiencing concern with ur rss . Don’t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anyone getting similar rss problem? Anyone who knows kindly respond. Thnkx

  5. Thank you for sharing excellent informations. Your website is very cool. I’m impressed by the details that you’ve on this website. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched everywhere and just could not come across. What an ideal web-site.

  6. Do you mind if I quote a couple of your articles as long as I provide credit and sources back to your webpage? My blog site is in the exact same niche as yours and my visitors would definitely benefit from some of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this ok with you. Cheers!

  7. Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your website is very cool. I’m impressed by the details that you¦ve on this web site. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and simply couldn’t come across. What a great website.

  8. There are certainly a number of details like that to take into consideration. That is a great point to bring up. I supply the ideas above as normal inspiration but clearly there are questions just like the one you deliver up the place crucial thing will probably be working in trustworthy good faith. I don?t know if greatest practices have emerged around issues like that, however I am positive that your job is clearly identified as a good game. Both girls and boys really feel the affect of just a moment’s pleasure, for the rest of their lives.

  9. I want to express appreciation to this writer for bailing me out of this type of predicament. After browsing through the world wide web and getting tricks that were not productive, I thought my entire life was over. Being alive without the presence of strategies to the difficulties you’ve solved by means of your entire blog post is a critical case, as well as the kind which might have in a wrong way affected my career if I hadn’t discovered your web site. Your good expertise and kindness in touching a lot of stuff was important. I’m not sure what I would’ve done if I hadn’t come across such a stuff like this. I am able to now look ahead to my future. Thank you so much for this high quality and effective guide. I will not hesitate to suggest your blog to anyone who should get guidelines on this area.

  10. Thanks for all of your effort on this site. Betty loves getting into investigations and it is obvious why. Most of us notice all regarding the powerful method you render helpful solutions via this web site and even inspire participation from people on that point while my girl is always becoming educated a lot. Take advantage of the rest of the year. You’re performing a dazzling job.

  11. What Is ZenCortex? ZenCortex is a natural supplement that promotes healthy hearing and mental tranquility. It’s crafted from premium-quality natural ingredients, each selected for its ability to combat oxidative stress and enhance the function of your auditory system and overall well-being.

  12. What Is LeanBiome?LeanBiome is a natural weight loss supplement that reverses bacterial imbalance in your gut microbiome with the help of nine science-backed lean bacteria species with Greenselect Phytosome, a caffeine-free green tea extract crafted with patented

  13. Hi, Neat post. There’s a problem together with your web site in web explorer, would check this?K IE still is the marketplace leader and a good portion of other people will pass over your great writing because of this problem.

  14. I’m really impressed with your writing skills and also with the layout on your blog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Anyway keep up the excellent quality writing, it is rare to see a nice blog like this one today..

  15. Great V I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your website. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs and related information ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, web site theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Excellent task..

  16. You could definitely see your enthusiasm within the paintings you write. The sector hopes for even more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to mention how they believe. All the time go after your heart. «There are only two industries that refer to their customers as users.» by Edward Tufte.

  17. I think this is one of the most important info for me. And i am glad reading your article. But want to remark on few general things, The website style is great, the articles is really excellent : D. Good job, cheers

  18. I’d should examine with you here. Which isn’t something I usually do! I get pleasure from reading a post that may make folks think. Also, thanks for permitting me to comment!

  19. Hiya, I’m really glad I’ve found this info. Nowadays bloggers publish just about gossips and net and this is actually frustrating. A good site with interesting content, that is what I need. Thanks for keeping this website, I will be visiting it. Do you do newsletters? Cant find it.

  20. 359088 286947I located your weblog web web site on google and check a few of your early posts. Continue to maintain up the superb operate. I just further up your RSS feed to my MSN News Reader. Searching for forward to studying extra from you in a although! 571586

  21. Wonderful work! This is the type of information that should be shared around the web. Shame on the search engines for not positioning this post higher! Come on over and visit my web site . Thanks =)

  22. This is the precise weblog for anyone who needs to find out about this topic. You notice so much its nearly exhausting to argue with you (not that I actually would need…HaHa). You undoubtedly put a brand new spin on a topic thats been written about for years. Great stuff, just nice!

  23. Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this blog. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s tough to get that «perfect balance» between usability and appearance. I must say you have done a superb job with this. Also, the blog loads super quick for me on Firefox. Outstanding Blog!

  24. Have you ever thought about writing an e-book or guest authoring on other blogs? I have a blog based upon on the same ideas you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know my visitors would appreciate your work. If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to send me an e mail.

  25. I got what you intend, appreciate it for posting.Woh I am delighted to find this website through google. «Money is the most egalitarian force in society. It confers power on whoever holds it.» by Roger Starr.

  26. Unquestionably consider that that you stated. Your favorite reason seemed to be on the net the easiest factor to remember of. I say to you, I certainly get annoyed even as folks consider issues that they just don’t recognize about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing without having side-effects , folks can take a signal. Will probably be back to get more. Thanks

  27. Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive read something like this before. So nice to seek out any individual with some unique ideas on this subject. realy thank you for starting this up. this web site is something that is wanted on the net, someone with a little originality. useful job for bringing one thing new to the internet!

  28. Thanks for sharing excellent informations. Your web site is very cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched all over the place and simply couldn’t come across. What a great site.

  29. Thanks for sharing excellent informations. Your site is very cool. I’m impressed by the details that you have on this web site. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched everywhere and simply couldn’t come across. What a perfect website.

  30. I have been exploring for a little for any high quality articles or blog posts on this sort of area . Exploring in Yahoo I finally stumbled upon this site. Reading this info So i?¦m satisfied to exhibit that I’ve an incredibly excellent uncanny feeling I came upon just what I needed. I most unquestionably will make sure to don?¦t put out of your mind this web site and provides it a look regularly.

  31. Hi there very nice site!! Man .. Beautiful .. Superb .. I will bookmark your blog and take the feeds additionally?KI’m glad to seek out so many helpful information right here within the publish, we need work out more strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .

  32. I’m impressed, I have to say. Actually rarely do I encounter a weblog that’s both educative and entertaining, and let me inform you, you may have hit the nail on the head. Your concept is excellent; the difficulty is one thing that not sufficient persons are speaking intelligently about. I’m very completely satisfied that I stumbled throughout this in my seek for one thing regarding this.

  33. Hello very cool site!! Man .. Excellent .. Wonderful .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds also…I’m satisfied to seek out numerous helpful information right here in the publish, we want develop more strategies on this regard, thanks for sharing.

  34. I have been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this web site. Thank you, I will try and check back more often. How frequently you update your website?

  35. You actually make it appear so easy along with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something which I think I would by no means understand. It kind of feels too complex and very broad for me. I’m taking a look ahead for your subsequent put up, I’ll try to get the grasp of it!

  36. whoah this blog is great i like studying your articles. Keep up the great paintings! You already know, many individuals are searching around for this information, you could help them greatly.

  37. Thank you for sharing superb informations. Your web-site is very cool. I am impressed by the details that you’ve on this blog. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found simply the information I already searched everywhere and simply could not come across. What a perfect site.

  38. I will immediately take hold of your rss as I can’t in finding your email subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please permit me recognise so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.

  39. My spouse and i felt so thankful Ervin managed to do his homework via the ideas he gained from your very own web site. It is now and again perplexing to simply happen to be giving freely secrets and techniques which people today may have been making money from. And we also know we need the website owner to thank for this. The most important explanations you’ve made, the simple website navigation, the friendships you can give support to instill — it’s got many remarkable, and it’s really assisting our son in addition to our family do think the theme is enjoyable, and that is exceedingly fundamental. Many thanks for the whole thing!

  40. I found your weblog website on google and verify a few of your early posts. Proceed to maintain up the superb operate. I simply extra up your RSS feed to my MSN News Reader. Looking for ahead to studying extra from you later on!…

  41. Admiring the time and effort you put into your site and in depth information you offer. It’s great to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same out of date rehashed information. Great read! I’ve saved your site and I’m including your RSS feeds to my Google account.

  42. Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your website is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this site. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the information I already searched everywhere and simply couldn’t come across. What a great web-site.

  43. What i do not understood is actually how you’re not really much more well-liked than you might be right now. You’re very intelligent. You realize thus significantly relating to this subject, made me personally consider it from so many varied angles. Its like women and men aren’t fascinated unless it is one thing to do with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs great. Always maintain it up!

  44. I’ve been browsing online more than 3 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It is pretty worth enough for me. Personally, if all web owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the internet will be a lot more useful than ever before.

  45. I’ve been browsing online more than 3 hours as of late, yet I never found any fascinating article like yours. It’s lovely price enough for me. Personally, if all site owners and bloggers made just right content material as you probably did, the internet will probably be much more useful than ever before. «When there is a lack of honor in government, the morals of the whole people are poisoned.» by Herbert Clark Hoover.

  46. When I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Thanks!

  47. I like the valuable info you provide in your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here regularly. I am quite certain I will learn plenty of new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next!

  48. Greetings! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest authoring a blog article or vice-versa? My website discusses a lot of the same topics as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other. If you’re interested feel free to shoot me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you! Terrific blog by the way!

  49. What i do not understood is actually how you are now not actually much more well-liked than you might be right now. You are so intelligent. You realize therefore considerably on the subject of this topic, produced me personally imagine it from numerous various angles. Its like women and men don’t seem to be interested unless it’s something to accomplish with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs great. Always maintain it up!

  50. Hi there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it’s truly informative. I am gonna watch out for brussels. I’ll be grateful if you continue this in future. Lots of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!

ОСТАВЬТЕ ОТВЕТ

Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here

13 + один =