Правильное выращивание рассады

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Правильное выращивание рассады
Сеять на рассаду желательно семена проросшие. Дома их сеют не так уж много, можно повозиться. Зато потом они быстро и дружно взойдут. Некоторые огородники перед посевом закаливают семена, помещая их поочередно в холодильник и на батарею — для повышения холодостойкости. Но если вы высаживаете рассаду после 15 мая, этот прием ничего не дает. Он для тех, кто рискует высаживать в начале мая. Учтите еще то, что выращивание на подоконниках всю закалку сводит на нет.

До всходов требуется температура 23-25 градусов, потом ее надо снижать до 12-15. Для перцев — 17, они более теплолюбивы. Но кто будет держать в квартире такую температуру? Выставлять на открытый балкон, за окно, на улицу в марте еще нельзя, в апреле — пожалуйста. Можно рассаду там оставлять и на ночь, прикрыв для страховки картонной коробкой или пленкой.

Температура не должна опускаться ниже плюс 5 градусов. Основная и главная ошибка при выращивании рассады — ранний высев семян. Не надо начинать слишком рано. Дело в том, что молодые, активно растущие растения приживаются намного легче, чем переросшие. Вообще-то было бы неплохо высевать семена в два приема, с разницей в полмесяца. Мы же не можем заранее определить время высадки в грунт — неизвестно, какая будет стоять погода. Для высадки потом используют ту рассаду, которая имеет нужный рост.

Обычно через рассаду мы выращиваем овощи, которые имеют длинный вегетационный период и не успевают вызреть за наше не очень длинное лето. Но таким образом можно выращивать и те культуры, которые плохо переносят высокую температуру — например, салат, чтобы он успел дать урожай до наступления жары. Не все овощи одинаково хорошо переносят пересадку.

Для некоторых это тяжелый шок, они долго болеют. Легче других приживаются на новом месте капуста, салат и лук. Чуть хуже — фасоль, баклажаны, томаты, перец, сельдерей. Сильно страдают от пересадки огурцы, тыква и все корнеплоды, кроме свеклы. В ящиках мы выращиваем ту рассаду, которая более легко приживается, а в отдельные горшочки и стаканчики высеваем овощи, страдающие от пересадки. Почти вся рассада хорошо растет при температуре 20-25 градусов.

В прохладных помещениях рост замедляется. Переувлажнение при низкой температуре и плохом освещении ведет к развитию грибных болезней. Неблагополучные растения надо удалять при первых признаках болезни. Подкармливают рассаду каждые 7-10 дней после появления первого настоящего листа, одновременно с поливом. Недокорм и перекорм одинаково плохи.

Признак излишнего питания — листья закручиваются вниз и даже частью чернеют. Не хватает азота — листья бледны. Не достает фосфора — нижняя сторона листьев приобретает пурпурную окраску. О нехватке калия говорит коричневая кайма по краю листьев.

Чем подкармливать? Часто используют настоянные коровяк и птичий помет. Тут важно не забывать разбавлять настой водой: из коровяка — 1:5, из птичьего помета — 1:20. А проще всего купить готовые удобрения, их в продаже полно. Посмотрите аннотации, посоветуйтесь с продавцом. Хороший эффект дают органо-минеральные смеси.

После пересадки растения подкармливают только после того, как они укоренятся и начнут расти. Когда температура на улице дойдет до 10-12 градусов, рассаду начинают закаливать — пусть привыкает к солнцу, ветру и холоду. Сначала ее выносят ненадолго — на один-два часа, затем время закаливания постепенно увеличивают.

Источник: supersadovod.ru

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