Кизильник

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Кизильник
Семейство Розоцветные

Род Кизильник включает в себя около 100 видов, до 40 встречаются на территории бывшего СССР (хотя некоторые из них, в частности кизильник блестящий и кизильник каратавский, являются выраженными эндемиками и занесены в Красную книгу).
В культуре (но в качестве не плодового, а декоративного растения) наиболее распространен кизильник черноплодный. Кроме того, в качестве не только красивого, но и лекарственного растения выращивают кизильник обыкновенный. Он культивируется с 1829 г. в садах и парках как европейской части страны, так и в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке, а если измерять его ареал с севера на юг — от Кольского полуострова и Архангельска до Кавказа.

Биологические особенности
Кизильник обыкновенный — кустарник высотой от 60 см до 2 м. Соцветие — щитковидная кисть. Цветки мелкие, многочисленные, розового цвета. Опыляется короткохо-ботковыми насекомыми. Плоды — ложные костянки (по внутреннему строению очень похожие на миниатюрные яблочки 9—10 мм в диаметре), округлые или обратнояйцевидные; незрелые плоды зеленые, позднее — буровато-красные, спелые — черного цвета с сизым налетом. Внутри плода находится 2—4 косточки.

При соседстве с другими кизильниками способен опыляться их пыльцой и образовывать с ними устойчивые гибриды.
Кизильник крупноплодный. Этот кустарник отличается более крупными винно-пурпуровыми плодами, содержащими 2 косточки. В дикорастущем виде он встречается на каменистых россыпях и скалах Западного Алтая.

Кизильник морозостоек, хорошо переносит затенение и засушливые условия, почти нечувствителен к промышленным газам и дыму и почти не требует ухода.

Ценность культуры
Как плодовая культура кизильник особой ценности не представляет — плоды у него мучнистые, малосладкие, иногда почти безвкусные, поэтому особой популярностью они не пользуются (многие считают их вовсе несъедобными). Тем не менее их можно есть свежими или добавлять в небольших количествах в варенье из других плодов. В народной медицине плоды кизильника употребляют как вяжущее средство, а настой из его ветвей с листьями— при желтухе и отеках.

Древесина кизильника благодаря еврей прочности используется для поделок — из неё изготавливают трости, палки, трубки и другие мелкие предметы.

Цветущий и плодоносящий кизильник весьма декоративен.

К достоинствам кизильника можно отнести то, что он очень неприхотлив, почти не требует ухода и мало поражается болезнями и вредителями.

Сорта
Отсутствуют.

Выбор места
Кизильник может расти на очень бедных почвах почти любого механического состава. Лучше цветет и плодоносит на хорошо освещенных солнцем участках.

Способы размножения
Семенами и черенками.

Уход
Весь уход за кизильником может сводиться к редким поливам в случае длительной засухи.

Источник: supersadovod.ru
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