Спатифиллум один из представителей семейства ароидных, нравится комнатным цветоводам благодаря своим роскошным листьям и оригинальным цветам. Родина спатифиллума – влажные тропические леса Центральной и южной Америки, Филиппинские острова.
Растение имеет темно-зеленые крупные листья, растущие на длинных черешках, расположенные вертикально. Листья собраны в розетку и растут из почек, находящихся на корневище. Цветки спатифиллума собраны в початок белого или желтого цвета, окруженного белым покрывалом, длиннее початка. Покрывало с острым концом, направлено вверх, вначале цветения оно белого цвета, но со временем зеленеет. Цветет спатифиллум обильно и продолжительно. Зацветает весной, выпуская из центра куста соцветия початки, окруженным белым листом. При правильном уходе спатифиллум будет цвести до осени.
Уход за спатифиллумом
Спатифиллум теплолюбивое растение, летом для него благоприятная температура около 26 0С, зимой 18-20 0С. В зимний период для спатифиллума наступает период покоя, он не любит перепада температур и сквозняков, хотя может выдержать понижение температуры до 12 0С.
Поливать зимой растение надо умеренно, между поливами земля должна просохнуть. При избыточном поливе кончики листьев начинают чернеть, а при недостаточном поливе они желтеют и увядать, если такое случилось, удалите увядшие листья. Летом поливайте растение более обильно, не допуская увядания листвы.
Значительное падение цветения может наблюдаться при недостатке питательных веществ и слишком просторном горшке. Спатифиллум зацветает, как только корневая система заполнит весь горшок и нарастит зеленую массу. Это растение может расти и в затененном месте, на северных окнах, но будет цвести лучше на южном окне с затенением от солнечных лучей.
С марта по сентябрь растение необходимо удобрять 2 раза в месяц, внося удобрения небольшими дозами и низкой концентрации (1 раз минеральная подкормка, в следующий раз раствор коровяка). Для поддержки ослабленного растения опрыскивайте листья раствором эпина.
Для спатифиллума хорошо подойдет светлое место без прямых солнечных лучей, но он довольно теневынослив. В тени его листья становятся темно-зелеными, более вытянутыми.
При сухом воздухе в помещении регулярно протирайте листья влажной губкой.
Растение необходимо пересаживать каждый год в период с февраля по апрель. Знаком к пересадке служит заполнение корнями весь объем горшка. Можно просто перевалить его в больший на 1,5-2 см по диаметру горшок.
Размножить спатифиллум можно весной при пересадке делением его крупного и мощного корневища на несколько частей. Делить нужно так чтобы в каждой части оставалась точка роста и фрагмент корня, на котором должно оставаться как минимум 3 листа. Место деления присыпьте размельченным активированным углем.
Субстрат как для ароидных растений должен состоять из перегноя, песка, торфа, листовой земли (1 : 0,5 : 1 : 1). На дно горшка обязательно насыпьте дренаж.
Вредители часто появляются на этом растении часто — это тля, щитовка , паутинный клещ. Уничтожают этих вредителей протиранием и опрыскиванием листьев мыльно-табачным раствором.
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