Фруктовые деревья на склонах

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Фруктовые деревья на склонах
«Какой формы, ширины и глубины должны быть ямы для фруктовых деревьев при посадке на склонах? Как их разместить относительно склона, а также надо ли их соединить канавками для сохранения влаги в почве?»

Форма ям — вещь безразличная: могут быть ямы круглые (лично я предпочитаю именно эту форму по некоторым мелким мотивам: ее легче отмерить на почве без всякого шаблона, имея только шнур, равный радиусу предположенной ямы, и два кола на его концах) или квадратные.

Ширина ям должна быть равна одной саженце в диаметре, если деревья садятся в ямы, не на сплошь обработанной на перевал или глубокой пахотной почве. На перевал же довольно копать только такой ширины и глубины ямки, чтобы в них свободно разместить корни каждого сажаемого дерева, то есть около 3/4 аршина2 ширины.

Глубина ям должна быть около 1 аршина3. На двух уступах вашей площади, с падением в 5° и 10°, я бы не обращал никакого внимания на столь незначительное падение и засаживал бы их по тем же правилам, как засаживаются ровные площади, то есть горизонтальные равнины. На уступе же с падением в 15-18° все же полезно будет в местах посадки устроить площадки шириною около 1,5 саженцы с некоторым, в 50, уклоном их поверхности в сторону, противоположную склону уступа. И на этих площадках я бы все-таки выкопал надлежащей глубины ямы для более глубокого разрыхления почвы. Конечно, для сохранения влаги на этом более крутом уступе очень полезно соединить ямки каждого горизонтального ряда канавками, проведенными тоже к склону, и при том непременно в совершенно горизонтальном направлении (но ватерпасу, значит, перпендикулярно, а никак не косо).

Глубину канавкам я бы дал не более 4-6 вершков, а ширину можно дать и большую — хотя бы 1/2 аршина. Такие канавки иссушать почвы не будут, а будут «улавливать» всю дождевую воду, стекающую по склону, и проводить ее к площадкам с деревьями (около которых, конечно, должны быть устроены приствольные чаши), орошая их, таким образом, всею водою, падающею в виде дождя на весь засаженный склон.

Конечно, такая система горизонтальных канавок полезна только там, где выпадает достаточное для деревьев количество дождей. Где этого нет, сад необходимо орошать искусственно…»

Источник: supersadovod.ru

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