Гладиолус, или шпажник, — довольно крупное клубнелуковичное растение, не зимующее в грунте средней полосы России. Высаживают его на солнечных местах. Предпочитает участки с легкой, песчаной, хорошо насыщенной органическими удобрениями почвой. Реакция почвенной среды должна быть нейтральной или слабокислой (pH 6,5-7).
Размножают клубнепочками (детками), делением клубнелуковиц весной. Клубнелуковицы делят на 2-4 части за 8-10 дней до высадки в грунт. На каждом кусочке необходимо оставить часть донца с корневым валиком. Срезы обрабатывают толченым древесным углем. Высаживают на глубину 5-7 см, мульчируя торфом.
Для лучшего роста и цветения 4-5 раз подкармливают минеральными удобрениями. Растениям необходима опора. Выкапывают клубнелуковицы в конце сентября — начале октября.
Гладиолусы подвержены болезням (фузариоз, сухая гниль клубнелуковиц, серая гниль, бактериоз) и поражаются вредителями (капустная совка, проволочник, слизни, медведка). Инфекция накапливается в почве, поэтому при выращивании на прежнее место гладиолусы возвращают не ранее чем через 5 лет.
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