Выращивание гороха

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Выращивание гороха
Данная культура выращивается практически повсеместно. В спелых плодах гороха содержится много легкоусвояемых сахаров, витаминов и аминокислот.

С ботанической точки зрения горох является травянистым однолетником, относящимся к семейству бобовых. Стебли полые, длиной от 15 см (карликовые сорта) до 2 м и более. Цветки бело-розовые, белые или ярко-красные. В зависимости от характеристик спелых плодов и способа их использования, различают лущильные, полусахарные и сахарные сорта. Лущильные сорта отличаются наличием слоя грубых волокон на внутренних створках стручков, на ощупь он напоминает жесткий пергамент. У сахарных разновидностей стручки нежные, почти без волокон. Цвет, форма и размер горошин зависят от разновидности культивируемых растений.

Горох способен легко усваивать и накапливать азотные соединения из атмосферного воздуха и почвы, поэтому он не нуждается в дополнительной органической подкормке и является прекрасным предшественником для большинства выращиваемых на огороде распространенных овощных культур.

Многие сорта гороха обладают повышенной устойчивостью к похолоданиям. Семена начинают прорастать после того, как верхний слой почвы прогреется до 6—8° С, растения нормально развиваются при 18—19° С. Данная культура требует хорошего освещения, поэтому ее обычно выращивают на солнечной стороне, устраивая вертикальные или наклонные опоры.

Независимо от сортовой принадлежности горох абсолютно нетребователен к механическому составу грунта. В качестве растений-предшественников обычно используют свеклу, морковь, репу, томаты, раннеспелый картофель, баклажаны, огурцы. Осенью можно внести в субстрат суперфосфат и калийную смесь в виде гранул, затем перекопать почву и оставить до весны. Перед высадкой семян грунт необходимо еще раз обработать и подкормить всходы аммиачной селитрой.

Посадочный материал рекомендуется проверить путем замачивания в слабом растворе поваренной соли — некачественные семена сразу же всплывут на поверхность. Утонувшие горошины слегка обсушивают и сразу высевают в подготовленные гряды. Раннеспелые сорта можно высаживать в конце апреля, предварительно прорастив семена. Расстояние между рядами гороха должно быть около полуметра, глубина заделки — не более 6 см.

Уход за молодыми и взрослыми растениями заключается в регулярном разрыхлении субстрата между рядами, выпалывании появляющихся
сорняков и периодическом поливе. Чтобы полые стебли гороха не поникали, сразу после появления всходов над поверхностью грунта следует устроить металлические, пластмассовые или проволочные опоры, вертикальные или наклонные.

Сбор урожая производят по мере созревания семян. Ранние сорта достигают технической спелости через 1,5 месяца после прорастания, поздние — через 2—2,5 месяца. Сочные горошины можно употреблять в пищу свежими, а также использовать их для приготовления салатов, первых и вторых блюд, овощных консервов.

Источник: supersadovod.ru

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