Родиной данной культуры является Средиземноморье. Спаржу начали выращивать несколько тысячелетий назад. В XV столетии растение было завезено сначала в Европу, а затем и в Россию.
Молодые нежные побеги спаржи содержат много растительных белков, углеводов, витаминов, минеральных солей и полезных для человека микроэлементов. В кулинарии данное растение используется для усиления аппетита.
С ботанической точки зрения спаржа является травянистым многолетником, относящимся к семейству спаржевых.
Стебель достигает в высоту 1,5 м, его поверхность покрыта мелкими листьями в виде чешуи. Из пазух выходят многочисленные тонкие веточки. После отцветания растение образует ярко-красные плоды.
Для употребления в пищу используют белые молодые побеги, находящиеся недалеко от корневища, длиной не более 17 см. Вкус спаржи немного напоминает салатную фасоль, но отличается более тонким, изысканным запахом.
Данная культура обладает значительной устойчивостью к холоду, но для получения полноценного обильного урожая необходимо тепло. Прорастание семян начинается только после того, как почва прогреется до 20—25° С. При зимовке почки прекрасно переносят заморозки.
Для посадки спаржи необходимо отвести хорошо освещенный участок.
Наилучшим субстратом для данной культуры является легкая почва с достаточным содержанием органических соединений. В качестве осеннего удобрения используют перепревший компост или листовой перегной. Чтобы предотвратить повреждение молодых растений ранними заморозками, целесообразно выращивать спаржу из рассады. Семена необходимо замочить в воде на 3 суток, затем завернуть в марлю и оставить в теплом месте на 4—5 дней. Посев производят в апреле, готовую рассаду «переселяют» в открытый грунт не ранее середины мая.
Сбор урожая проводят по мере созревания молодых побегов спаржи, слегка откапывая стебли.
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