Многие дачники, выращивающие эти декоративные растения на своем участке, часто задаются вопросом: почему не цветут пионы? Иногда они не радуют своими бутонами, невзирая на тщательный уход и хорошую погоду. Чтобы ответить на вопрос, почему не цветут пионы, необходимо разобраться, какие ошибки мы допускаем при их выращивании. Устранив огрехи можно быстро добиться обильного цветения даже сравнительно молодых кустов. В естественной среде пион произрастает в зонах субтропиков и с умеренным климатом. Этим и объясняется его требовательность к режиму повышенной влажности. Задаваясь вопросом, почему не цветёт молодой куст, следует вспомнить о том, что после пересадки растение ещё слабое и не в состоянии давать бутоны.
Краткое содержание
- 1 Причины отсутствия цветения пионов
- 1.1 Неподходящее место посадки
- 1.2 Неподходящая почва для цветов
- 1.3 Старость
- 1.4 Глубина посадки
- 1.5 Посадка мелких деленок
- 1.6 Ранняя и сильная срезка стеблей
- 1.7 Частое деление и пересадка
- 1.8 Избыток удобрений
- 1.9 Общее голодание
- 2 Какой должен быть правильный уход за цветами
- 2.1 Полив
- 2.2 Рыхление
- 2.3 Необходимая подкормка
- 2.4 Забота после цветения
- 3 Ещё причины — из-за болезней пионов
- 3.1 Серая гниль
- 3.2 Мучнистая роса
Причины отсутствия цветения пионов
Когда уход правильный и вовремя вносятся удобрения, молодой пион уже на второй год после посадки способен давать несколько полноценных бутонов. Зачастую отсутствие пышного цветения через пару-тройку лет после посадки объясняется неправильной пересадкой куста (сделайте её, как положено!). А вот другие причины того, что не цветут пионы:
Неподходящее место посадки
Это растение любит солнечные участки и простор. В тени и при сильном загущении посадок количество бутонов у него будет недостаточным. Не стоит сажать его вблизи стен дачного дома, опор для вьющихся растений или у стволов деревьев.
Неподходящая почва для цветов
Это растение требовательно к влажности грунта, поэтому при высаживании на сильно увлажненных участках, оно может загнивать, что приводит не только к плохому цветению, но и к его гибели. Грунт для выращивания должен быть рыхлым, влаго- и воздухопроницаемым. Пион предпочитает суглинистую, слабокислую или нейтральную, питательную почву. На кислых грунтах куст плохо растёт и практически не цветёт. Для улучшения земли производим её известкование путем внесения 350 гр извести/1 кв. м.
Старость
Кусты возраста около 20 лет имеют мощную корневую систему. При этом стебли и листья бывают сильно вытянутыми, а бутоны очень мелкими. На очень старых экземплярах цветки почти не завязываются. Для получения обильного цветения необходимо пересаживать и делить кусты, примерно, через 8-9 лет.
Глубина посадки
При пересаживании, корневища данного растения нельзя заделывать на глубину более 7 см. Оптимальная глубина посадки: 3-5 см на суглинках, 5-7 см на супесчаной почве. Ежегодно кусты наращивают свою массу вверх. При частом мульчировании или окучивании они постепенно оказываются сильно заглубленными в почву, что приводит к снижению уровня цветения пионов. В то же время, чрезмерная очистка кустов от мульчи и земли может привести к оголению почек, что также неблагоприятно сказывается на цветении вследствие того, что зимой растения будут замерзать (осенью обязательно загребите их холмиком земли, см. фото), а весной и летом — страдать от сухости воздуха и жары.
Посадка мелких деленок
Молодые растения, полученные из деленок имеющих менее 3 здоровых почек и небольшое количество корешков, зацветут только спустя пару лет. Их необходимо регулярно подкармливать. Лучше всего для посадки на участке использовать деленки с 3-мя и более здоровыми почками.
Ранняя и сильная срезка стеблей
Эти действия значительно ослабляют пион, что сказывается на развитии и цветении куста в следующем дачном сезоне.
Частое деление и пересадка
Чрезмерное увлечение данными манипуляциями сильно сокращает цветение.
Избыток удобрений
Переизбыток подкормок, особенно азотных, приводит к наращиванию зелёной массы, а количество бутонов сокращается.
Общее голодание
Этот недостаток можно легко определить. О нём свидетельствует появление бутонов у пионов, которые не распускаются, а со временем просто усыхают. Чаще всего это происходит при нехватке калия в почве.
Какой должен быть правильный уход за цветами
Поскольку мы выяснили, почему не цветут пионы, необходимо знать, как ухаживать за ними правильно и не допускать сокращения количества и качества бутонов. Уход за ними заключается в правильном поливе, обработке почвы, подкормках, обрезке. Обязательна борьба с заболеваниями и подготовка к зиме.
Полив
Пионы поливаем не часто, но обильно. На взрослый куст необходимо до 3-х вёдер воды. Она должна проникать на большую глубину. Особенно важно обеспечить влагой растение в весенний период, когда идет процесс бутонизации. Также важно правильно поливать его и в августе, когда идет процесс закладывания цветочных почек. Только при правильном поливе можно получить обильное цветение.
Рыхление
Необходимо проводить регулярное рыхление почвы вокруг куста. При этом нужно аккуратно проводить прополку и обработку почвы, чтобы не повредить стебли. Такие манипуляции улучшают аэрацию грунта и замедляют рост сорняков, отбирающих на себя питательные вещества и способствующих развитию болезней.
Необходимая подкормка
Отвечая на вопрос, почему не цветут пионы, необходимо отметить, что недостаток питательных веществ в почве снижает количество бутонов. Весной (после таяния снега) почву вокруг кустов проливаем слаборозовым раствором марганцовки. Под один куст достаточно вылить 5 л такого раствора. Плюс происходит обеззараживание почвы.
Для наращивания зелёной массы и получения крупных бутонов пионы подкармливаем аммиачной селитрой (15 гр/10 л воды). Эту процедуру выполняем тогда, когда побеги активно пойдут в рост. Во время бутонизации и начала цветения производим подкормку почвы. Для этого используем раствор из 10 гр суперфосфата, 5 гр калийной соли, 7 гр аммиачной селитры, разведенных в ведре воды.
Примерно с 10 мая производим подкормку полным минеральным удобрением. Выполняем эту процедуру 1 раз в месяц в пасмурный день или вечером. Для подкормки кусты поливаем раствором удобрений из лейки с мелкими дырочками. После отцветания основной массы бутонов подкармливаем кустики раствором из 10 гр суперфосфата и 5 гр калийной соли, разведенных в 10 л воды.
Забота после цветения
После прекращения цветения производим регулярные поливы, подкормки и обработку почвы. Остатки бутонов срезаем. При этом на цветоносе должно оставаться несколько листочков. Полную обрезку стеблей осуществляем, когда листья начинают жухнуть (видоизменяться). Срезаем их не слишком низко (10-12 см). Над поверхностью почвы должна оставаться часть стебля с 3-4 листьями. При пожелтении листьев полив сокращаем. Рассаженные старые и новые пионы покрываем торфяной мульчей.
Ещё причины — из-за болезней пионов
Почему пионы не цветут на участке? Иногда это случается при поражении заболеваниями. Вообще-то это растение довольно устойчиво к болезням.
Серая гниль
Но оно может поражаться ботритисом (серой гнилью), проявляющимся покрытием зелёных частей серой плесенью. Примерно, в середине мая на кустах, пораженных этой болезнью, заметны признаки гниения стеблей. Появлению данного заболевания способствует высокая влажность в дождливую погоду, загущенность посадок пионов и избыток азота в почве.
Как бороться
Для предотвращения заболевания опрыскиваем кусты чесночной водой (10 гр измельченного овоща/1 л воды) или подходящими фунгицидами. Опрыскиваем любым из этих средств не только цветы, но и землю под ними. При появлении признаков заболевания стебли срезаем под самый корень, а растительные остатки сжигаем за пределами участка.
Мучнистая роса
Пионы могут поражаться и другим грибковым заболеванием — мучнистой росой, проявляющимся белым налетом на листьях.
Как бороться
Боремся с этой болезнью используя специальный раствор, приготовленный из хозяйственного мыла (200 гр) и медного купороса (20 гр), разведенных в 10 л воды.
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